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drug user
The term drug user refers to the taking of a drug, either by swallowing, smoking, injecting or any other way of getting the drug into the blood stream.
==What is an Addict? ==
According to most clinicians and researchers, an addict is someone for who sobriety is a tenuous and temporary state; addicts almost always resume drug use, even if free of drugs for years. Addiction researchers Charles P. O’Brien and Thomas McLellan note that most addicts relapse and for them becoming sober is an unrealistic hope. They also view that addictive disorders should be considered in the category with other disorders that require long- term treatments and group addiction with other conditions like arthritis, asthma, and diabetes. Others view that addiction is a choice and largely depends on the general principle of choice. They view the unique behavioral effects of addictive drugs. They view that the individual and their surroundings can affect their decision making. In this view the researchers think that humans largely depend on actions that are shaped more by their experiences and less with their DNA. Others believe that people who use drugs do not actually become addicted to them. They argue that only a small portion of people actually become addicted to drug because drugs act on our neurons and everyone’s neurons functions the same way. For example heroin binds to mu opioid receptor sites in humans and if experimenting with heroin can lead to heroin addiction in one person, why doesn't everyone become a heroin addict? These observations reveal a well-established psychopharmacological principle and the researchers ultimately view that behavioral effects of drugs vary in function of the setting and the individual.The discussion of tolerance and physical dependence may share some mechanism, because there appears to be significant differences between the processes. Not all individuals who exhibit tolerance to a drug are physically depended on it and some individuals who are physically depended on a drug may not display tolerance. Physical dependence on drugs occurs when central nervous system cells require the presence of that drug to function normally.
The term "user" is typically employed to refer to someone who is a drug user, abuser, or addict. Drug users are sometimes referred to as "heads," depending on the drug used, i.e., pothead, hophead, crackhead, etc.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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